Foundation Cracks: Do You Need a Structural Engineer?
By: Dr. Farzam Maleki, PE – SurfZone Engineering Consultants
Published: December 1, 2023
Cracks in your foundation can be concerning, but not all cracks are created equal. Assessing the severity of a foundation crack and determining whether professional attention is needed are crucial steps to protecting your home’s structural integrity. Here’s a guide to evaluating foundation cracks and when to call a structural engineer.
Steps to Assess Foundation Cracks
1. Examine the Size and Location
Measure the length and width of the crack and note its position on the wall.
Small, vertical cracks are often less serious than horizontal or diagonal cracks, which may indicate structural stress.
2. Check for Movement
Mark the ends of the crack with a pencil and measure it at different intervals.
Any noticeable growth or movement suggests an ongoing issue that may require immediate attention.
3. Evaluate Crack Orientation
Vertical cracks are usually less problematic.
Horizontal cracks may indicate pressure from soil or water against the foundation, while diagonal cracks (often in a stair-step pattern) can signal settling or movement.
4. Inspect for Water Leakage
Look for signs of water infiltration, such as wetness, mold, or efflorescence (a white, powdery residue).
Water leakage can exacerbate foundation issues and lead to further damage.
5. Monitor for Additional Cracks
Inspect the entire foundation for other cracks or signs of distress.
Widespread cracking or multiple problem areas may point to a more significant issue.
6. Examine Interior Walls and Floors
Check for cracks or shifts in interior walls and floors, as these often indicate foundation movement.
Look for sticking windows, uneven floors, or doors that no longer close properly.
7. Assess Severity of Movement
Minor cracks without movement may be cosmetic, but significant movement or widening cracks are a red flag.
Horizontal cracks are particularly concerning and could suggest soil pressure or water buildup.
8. Consider Surrounding Conditions
Take note of contributing factors like poor drainage, soil type, or the presence of large trees near the foundation.
9. Document and Photograph
Take clear photographs of the crack and record notes about its dimensions, location, and changes over time.
This information can be valuable when consulting with a professional.
10. Consult a Structural Engineer
If the crack is large, growing, or horizontal in orientation, it’s best to consult with a qualified structural engineer.
They can provide an accurate diagnosis and recommend remediation steps.
Don’t Wait to Address Foundation Cracks
Foundation cracks can range from minor cosmetic concerns to serious structural threats. Early detection and professional guidance can prevent costly repairs and protect your home’s value.
Concerned about foundation cracks? Contact SurfZone Engineering Consultants today for expert evaluation and tailored solutions.